Fenceline contrast: Doublesprings Exclosure, Pahsimeroi Cattle and Horse Allotment, Salmon-Challis National Forest, Idaho. Photo by Mike Hudak. Fenceline contrast: Doublesprings Exclosure, Pahsimeroi Cattle and Horse Allotment, Salmon-Challis National Forest, Idaho. Photo by Mike Hudak.
The exclosure has two parts. One which excludes just livestock. The other which excludes all grazing animals. The total exclusion area is seen here to the right of the fence, with the surrounding Pahsimeroi Allotment to its left. Conditions on the allotment continue to mirror those reported in a 1993 U.S. Forest Service study: “Casual observation indicates a substantial difference between vegetation within and outside the exclosure.” North view along west side of the exclosure.






Downed fence at Doublesprings Exclosure, Pahsimeroi Cattle and Horse Allotment, Salmon-Challis National Forest, Idaho. Photo by Mike Hudak.
As mentioned above, Doublesprings Exclosure has two parts. The part seen in the previous photos excludes all grazing. The other part seen here is intended to exclude just livestock. I found, though, that the barbed wire fence on the exclosure’s west side had been sufficiently broken down that cattle as well as wildlife could enter. But had they?


Cow dung in Doublesprings Exclosure, Pahsimeroi Cattle and Horse Allotment, Salmon-Challis National Forest, Idaho. Photo by Mike Hudak. Yes! At least one bovine had violated the wildlife-only section of the exclosure. The presence of cattle will make impacts attributed to wildlife appear greater than they are.







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