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Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment
Managed by Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, UT

August 2002

Photo essay by Mike Hudak, author of
Western Turf Wars: The Politics of Public Lands Ranching


Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah is internationally famous for its scenic beauty and recreational opportunities. Partly because of this notoriety the Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment within the mon­ument has recently received more attention than nearly any other public lands grazing allotment in the West.

Following several years of drought and the ensuing degradation of the landscape, the BLM on August 18, 2000, informed the permittee, Mary Bulloch, that unless her cattle were removed from the allotment by the first of September the animals would be subject to impoundment. Ne­go­ti­a­tions in late August between Bulloch and Monument manager, Kate Canon, failed when Bulloch allegedly rejected an offer of assistance in removing her cattle. Bulloch allegedly further declared that her cattle would not leave the summer range before October 1st. Additional ne­go­ti­a­tions between Bulloch and agency personnel in early September culminated in postponing the agency’s removal deadline until September 15th. Although Bulloch removed some of her animals during September, many remained. Finally, on Oc­to­ber 11th the BLM informed Bulloch that trespass fees had accrued for her re­main­ing cattle and that they were subject to impoundment.

The BLM began removing Bulloch’s cattle on October 17th. Subsequent to re­mov­al, approximately fifty animals were trucked to a feedlot in Salina, UT, where they were to be auctioned. On November 7th Bulloch, along with fifteen friends, ar­rived at the feedlot. With the blessing of Sevier County Sheriff Phil Barney, him­self a rancher, the impounded cattle were turned over to Bulloch, who presumably then sold them at undisclosed locations. More details of these events can be found in the November 26, 2000, edition of the Denver Post.

Shortly thereafter, Mary Bulloch gained further notoriety when she pleaded guilty to class B misdemeanor retail theft as a result of her taking $120 worth of mer­chan­dise on December 15, 2000, from Honey’s Jubilee in Kanab, UT.

The BLM has assessed fines against Bulloch in excess of $65,000 for cattle tres­pass and impound costs. In addition, Bulloch’s branded cattle, mules and horses that eluded the October 2000 roundup have been accruing trespass fines at the rate of $20 per Animal Unit Month since September 2000. As of August 2002 BLM reported that there were at least twenty-two head of cattle on the al­lot­ment. The number of such animals remaining as of June 2003 is unknown to me.

I toured the allotment with Patrick Diehl and Tori Woodard of the Escalante Wilderness Project on August 10, 2002, at which time the following photographs were taken.

For more information about cattle management at Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, please see my YouTube interview with Patrick Diehl: The Future of Public Lands Ranching.


Camp, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak.
We camped at the intersection of two roads, Willow Slide and Fiftymile Bench. Tori Woodard and Patrick Diehl are seen here enjoying breakfast before our hike to the allotment on the summit of Fifty-Mile Mountain in the background. Photo at UTM coordinates 0486749/4133238.


Trail to Fiftymile Mountain. Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak. After hiking slightly more than a mile north on Fifty­mile Bench Road we headed west to begin the 1,200 foot ascent of the Straight Cliffs to the summit of Fifty-Mile Mountain.


Fiftymile Bench, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak.
On our way to the summit we were provided with a spectacular view of Fiftymile Bench and the Circle Cliffs to the northeast.


Cattle bones at Llewellyn Meadow, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak.
Our first stop on the summit was Llewellyn Meadow. Here we found the scattered bones of cattle from Mary Bulloch’s herd which had perished during the previous two winters. Some cattle obviously survive as evidenced by the fresh bovine excrement and the closely cropped grass. Photo at UTM coordinates 0483057/4133651.


Llewellyn Meadow, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak. During drought there is little vegetation growth so grazing by even the few trespass cattle remaining on the al­lot­ment has left only stubble. Llewellyn Meadow at UTM co­or­di­nates 0483057/4133651.


Spring, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak. The relentless drought of the past several years has had un­fortunate consequences for wildlife—there has been little growth of vegetation and springs have stopped flowing. This spring on the main fork of Llewellyn Canyon is one such cas­u­alty. Photo at UTM co­ord­i­nates 0482568/ 4133644.


Aspen grove, Mudholes Spring, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak. Despite years of drought, Mudholes Spring still flows. The surrounding region has been fenced by the BLM to provide an ungrazed comparison to the rest of Fifty-Mile Mountain which, until summer 2000, had been legally grazed by cattle. Compare the lush grass here with that in grazed Llewellyn Meadow. The aspen grove is a relict from the last Ice Age.


Cabin within Mudholes Spring Exclosure, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak.
Within Mudholes Spring Exclosure the allotment permittee, currently Mary Bulloch, is allowed to maintain a cabin for cowboys tending cattle.


Trash dump, Mudholes Spring Exclosure, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak. I’ve heard it said that ranchers were the first en­vi­ron­men­tal­ists. Next to the cabin we see an example of a cowboy re­cycling program. I’m sure that within 50,000 years or so the numerous plastic and metal containers will all decompose into their constituent elements that will return to the soil.


Horses in Mudholes Spring Exclosure, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak.
We discovered that the perimeter fence of Mudholes Spring Exclosure had been deliberately breached in several locations and that three hors­es belonging to Mary Bulloch were inside. We also observed that the aspen trees shown earlier were surrounded by bare soil and the ex­cre­ment of cows and horses. As was reported in a press release by Es­ca­lante Wilderness Project and in a subsequent article in The Salt Lake Trib­une, Patrick Diehl ran the horses out of the exclosure and mended the fence.


Mudholes Spring drainage, Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. Photo by Mike Hudak. Although Mary Bulloch’s horses no longer had access to the exclosure they were not in danger of suffering from lack of water or forage as this drainage from Mud­holes Spring demonstrates. The cropped veg­e­ta­tion and trampled mud indicates that Bulloch’s tres­pass cattle had already availed themselves of this oasis. Photo at UTM coordinates 0481137/4132745.


What does the future hold for the Rock Creek/Mudholes Allotment?

In July 2004 the BLM and Mary Bulloch settled the charges against her stemming from her cattle remaining on the allotment past the date allowed by the BLM in 2000. Provisions of the settlement are as follows:

1) The livestock covered by BLM’s October 11, 2000, Notice of Trespass are deemed to have been in NONWILLFUL TRESPASS. (Mike Hudak’s note: this is a considerable concession to Bulloch, as she was instructed by the BLM to re­move her cattle by September 1, 2000. A report states that she refused to do so until October 1. The reduction in charge thus “justifies” a reduction in the fine imposed on her.)

2) The total amount of outstanding trespass and impoundment charges owed by the Appellant to the BLM in connection with the Notice of Trespass of Oc­tober 11, 2000, shall be $4,833.29. (Mike Hudak’s note: considering that as­sessed fines were in excess of $65,000, this again constitutes a considerable reduction in the penalty against Bulloch.)

3) Livestock grazing under Appellant’s grazing permit shall be SUSPENDED THROUGH APRIL 30, 2010. (Mike Hudak’s note: this is good news for the health of the land and the wildlife living there.)



These are your public lands. How well do you think those responsible for managing livestock grazing in the monument are doing at protecting the region for wildlife? Please convey your thoughts to officials at

Bureau of Lands Management
Grand Staircase-Escalante
     National Monument
669 South Highway 89A
Kanab, UT 84741
Phone: (435) 644-1200
Fax: (435) 644-1305
Email: escalante_interagency@blm.gov

Letters to newspapers are also an effective way to express your views to resource managers:

Public Forum, The Salt Lake Tribune
90 S. 400 West, Suite 700
Salt Lake City, UT 84101
Details of letter submission:
     http://www.sltrib.com/opinion/submitaletter/
Fax: (801) 257-8950
Email your letter: letters@sltrib.com


Deseret News
P.O. Box 1257
Salt Lake City, UT 84110
Comment online: http://www.deseretnews.com/site/feedback
Email your letter: letters@deseretnews.com

Text and Photos © 2004– by Mike Hudak, All Rights Reserved

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